Othello and Desdemona Essay - 1116 Words

In Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello and Desdemona’s marriage was doomed from the start. They did not start well; their marriage was controversial because of their race and Othello’s failure to follow proper etiquette while he was courting her. However these issues could have been overcome with time. The biggest problem is Othello’s attitude to Desdemona. Othello’s model of Desdemona prevents him from considering her a person. He thinks of her instead as superior to himself in every way, to the point that she is a god. Her race, beauty, and status make her godly in his mind. She becomes untouchable in Othello’s mind, and he begins to distance himself from her. Because Othello thinks of Desdemona as â€Å"Alabaster†(5.2.5) he will never consider†¦show more content†¦During this he paints a picture of Desdemona, and one of the critical words is alabaster. Therefore when he describes Desdemona as â€Å"Alabaster†, we can be s ure it is his inner picture of her. Alabaster’s beauty gives you an idea about his feelings of bodily inferiority to her. Alabaster is a naturally beautiful stone, used by ancient Egyptians and Chinese to make statues and vases. This word choice explains to the reader his feelings of inadequacy to Desdemona. At another time, he describes her as â€Å"fair as Dian’s visage†(3.3.389), Dian most likely being the god of healing in Celtic mythology. This gives the impression of a healthy glow surrounding her. Othello on the other hand is never said to be ugly, on the contrary, he is described as â€Å"far more fair than black†(1.3.291). However he must have felt some sensitivity about his physical appearance as it was mentioned to him constantly. Othello then goes on to describe her honor as â€Å"begrimed and black as mine own face†(3.3.390). Othello superimposes her clean and young white face with his own grimy old black face, making him seem a disgusting person. Othello’s choice of this simile shows his supposed racial inferiority. The fact that Othello believed Desdemona to be unfaithful with Cassio further proves his insecurity. Cassio is a clean white man with golden hair. Cassio is all of the beauty that Othello cannot be, and is therefore able to provide something thatShow MoreRelatedDesdemona and Othello1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play, The Tragedy of Othello, Shakespeare really tests our conception as to what love is, and where it can or cant exist. Judging from the relationship between Desdemona and Othello, through Nicholson’s Othello And The Geography Of Persuasion. the play seems to say that marriage based on an innocent romantic love or profane love is bound to fail. Shakespeare is pessimistic about the existence and survival of a true type of love. There is a common thread of betrayal and deceit amongRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello And Desdemona1045 Words   |  5 Pagesnot enough to stay together. In Othello by William Shakespeare, the play is set in Venice in the sixteenth century and focuses on the war between Venice and Turkey and the people who it affects. Othello is an impressive general of the Venetian armed forces, despite this he becomes influenced by a man named Iago, who yearns for Cassio’s position as lieutenant. Iago damages Othello mentally by fabricating Desdemona s relationship with Cassio. Throughout the play Othello becomes overpowered by Iago’sRead More Shakespeares Othello - Desdemona in Othello Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesDesdemona in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello, the wife of the protagonist is Desdemona. She is a lovely, intelligent, wholesome and pious person. This essay will analyze her.    In Act 1 Scene1, Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken him with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. In response to Iago’sRead MoreRelationship Between Desdemona And Othello1132 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluenced by outside sources. Desdemona and Othello’s relationship begins to turn to a breaking point when Othello’s â€Å"so called† right hand man, Iago, traduces about Desdemona. Their marriage is constantly being put to test. Desdemona and Othello have the most troubling relationship due to the influences of outside forces. To begin with, Othello and Desdemona’s relationship is troubled due to Iago’s manipulation. Firstly, Iago wants to get retribution against Othello because Othello does not give him theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, Desdemona And Othello1521 Words   |  7 Pages and the commitment honored before God. In the play â€Å"Othello†, Desdemona and Othello married, they desired to share their life together, and even consummated the marriage through sex, but their views of love differ. Let me explain the opposition of how the audience may view the handkerchief as Symbols and also how the symbols have different meaning between the characters in the play. What did the handkerchief mean to both Othello and Desdemona. Was the handkerchief a symbol of Christianity or paganismRead MoreOthello And Desdemona Failure And Failure880 Words   |  4 Pages In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the protagonist, Othello, and his wife, Desdemona contributed to the fall of their relationship, together with forces surrounding them. An innocent infatuation that progresses into an abrupt elopement can shift to a downward course. It is important for both parties in a relationship to have a solid foundation with their self and with their significant other. A variety of elements such as age, race, occupation and societal norms can induce an individual to developRead MoreOthello And Desdemona Re lationship Analysis2123 Words   |  9 PagesOthello and Desdemona have a peculiar relationship to say the least. While the story of Othello does not give us many insights on their relationship, throughout the story, we begin to question the concept of their relationship as a whole. The audience blames Othello ending in a tragedy on Iago, but as critical thinkers, they should consider the flaws of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship. Along with flaws, Othello and Desdemona had relationship issues already in areas of behavior and backgroundsRead More Shakespeares Othello - Desdemona, the Heroine in Othello Essay1883 Words   |  8 PagesDesdemona, the Heroine in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s Othello Michael Cassio’s praises of the richly blessed Desdemona, as he awaits her arrival on Cyprus, are well deserved. This essay will amply support this statement.    Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants interprets the protagonist’s very meaningful four-word greeting to Desdemona which he utters upon disembarking in Cyprus:    Othello’s four words, â€Å"O, my soul’s joy,† tell us that this beautiful VenetianRead More Shakespeares Othello - Character Development of Iago, Desdemona and Othello1052 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter Development of Iago, Desdemona and Othello  Ã‚   The three characters of Iago, Desdemona and Othello are gradually revealed to the audience as Act One unfolds. All three are linked to one another and talk to and about each other. Their characters unfold through their interaction with others and how they behave in isolation. The first impression formed of Iago comes from what Roderigo says. Being gullible, Roderigo has given Iago his purse. A character who accepts an offer like this isRead MoreA Montage Of Othello And Desdemona s Relationship1366 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 10 25 March 2016 A Montage of Othello and Desdemona s Relationship. We find that the hardest part of life can be the one that is the most common in every person s life. Commitment has been a word that can be tossed around in relationships, with the vulnerable ring to it; that pursuit of something better can feel lost in even the most stable relationships. We find that Othello and Desdemona are not lovers. Desdemona is a bare projection for Othello s own inability to develop self-esteem

Graduation Speech High School - 909 Words

I had always done really well in school. High school I managed a 4.0 all four years. Not that this was any major feat for me. I didn’t even have to try. Show up to class, take some notes, and then pass all the tests with flying colors. I do have to thank high school for making school seem so incredibly easy, and for it making me think I was smart without even trying. Heading into college I thought I would ace though all of my classes no problem. Unfortunately, that was not the case. I walked down the aisle of my biology lecture hall, my head held high ready to take my first test as a college student. All of the students in the room were ferociously looking through notes and scribbling down things they wanted to remember. I could feel their fear leaking out of their pores and filling up the room. I had all the confidence in myself that this test would be a piece of cake. I had shown up to every class, had taken notes, and had paid attention. There was no reason to worry. The pr ofessor went to every aisle and placed enough copies of the test for the whole row on the desk. As soon as the word â€Å"go† escaped her lips, a unanimous flipping of the test over and scribbling down answers started. I picked up my pencil to begin taking the test. Once I read the first question I knew I was in for a long hour. Beads of sweat started to accumulate on all parts of my body. None of these questions were like what we had been learning in class. They were all open ended and none of them wereShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School934 Words   |  4 Pageslife would be graduation. For many people, graduating from high school is an objective. It takes a lot of time, effort, and determination to accomplish that goal. For others graduation is the end of high school, and the beginning of a new chapter in life. When graduated people feel as if adulthood has begun. In the long run, graduating opens a lot of opportunities for people to thrive. I can almost reminisce the day as if it was yesterday. I was sitting in bed like any other school day. It seemedRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School852 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a report from Thomas Nelson Community College website, 15.7 percent is the graduation rate in 2010. 84 percent of students failed to receive their degree. That’s beyond sad. College can be difficulty especially with everyday life is getting harder to main family life work and financials. Because college is challenging, I know that I have issues that I must overcome. I told myself the more patient s I have the better success I will have. Although college will be difficult my goal isRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pages The day I graduated from high school The High school graduation day is a life full of journeys for everyone, high school life is a memorable time for most people, for me as well. High school can be filled with lots of good memories for some people and it could be filled with bad memories, for me it was both I had good times and I had bad times. The High school Graduation day should definitely be the best day of your life because that means no more high school, no more having to wake up at 6Read MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation854 Words   |  4 Pagesfail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time in their lives where they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university to attend it may be tempting to want to go to a school thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation1507 Words   |  7 PagesForest English 1010 9/9/2014 Graduation During our lives, most of us have hated getting up early. Whether we as humans enjoy mornings or not, we’re always looking forward to that unforgettable day. That special is high school graduation for me. Graduation is a ceremony that recognizes students that have excelled through school. Graduation was one of the best days of my life, perhaps even better than the day that I started college. There is no other day like graduation where there comes this feelingRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation933 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School Graduation With regards to high school graduation, Balfanz, Herzog, and Iver (2007) followed 12,972 Philadelphia students enrolled in traditional middle schools from six grade (1996-1997) until 1 year beyond their expected graduation from high school (2003-2004) in order to understand what indicators would affect their projected graduation date. Unlike many of the early K-8 schools, the population Balfanz et al followed consisted of 64% African American, 19% White, 12% Hispanic,Read MoreGraduation Speech On High School Graduation851 Words   |  4 PagesThere Is No Success Without The Opportunity to Fail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time when they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university they would like toRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School997 Words   |  4 Pagesup, I loved going to school and dreamed of one day attending college. Attending school every day and receiving good grades had become my top priority from K-12. I excelled from K-8th grade, but entering into high school was completely different than primary school. The atmosphere and environment was new to me, I was free to roam the halls or walk back out the door without any repercussions. This began my downward spiral in high school. My freshman year was by far the best school year for me becauseRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School897 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school was one of the most challenging moments in my life. Not only did I have to deal with the academic pressures and social issues from my peers I had external factors that were heavily impacting me as well. During my junior year my mom separated from her husband and me and my three little brothe rs ended up staying house to house with close relatives. Shortly after that time at the beginning of my senior year, my mom was sent to prison. In the midst of dealing with all of the demands thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was in high school I had one goal, I would graduate top of my class and go to the University of Florida for pre-medicine, then onto their medical school. I never considered that I would want anything else, so I went to a specialty high school that would allow me to specialize in Biomedical sciences(STEM) and never even thought about the possibility of a life other than the one I had so precisely planned out for myself. When my nephews were born my sophomore year all of my priorities changed

Opportunities of Marketing

Question : 1.The Frist Objective in Marketing is discovering and Satisfing consumer Needs.? 2.What Segmentation Apporoch does the case Suggest ? 3.It as it reates to our current Marketing Decision? 4.Conduct a PEST analysis of the external Environment in Which Hershey Operates ? 5.What might be theair likely actions in response toThis Marketing initiative ? 6.Recommend a Marketing strategy for Hershey's take five new Product Launch ? Answer: 1. Focus groups were conducted that indicated that the target audience audience for the new Hersheys chocolate product could be of the age between late teen and young adulthood. The individuals within this age are soon to be graduates, work full time or part time and get their first taste of independence and responsibility. When they are in the mood to take a break from their hectic lives, they prefer to enjoy it. The new product would have been a fun treat for these individuals. The ingredients of the bars, like caramel wafer, pretzel and chocolate would encourage them to eat the product in playful ways. The product was to be used as an alternative to other products like Coffee Crisp and Kit Kat. The unique taste that the product had was very much appealing to the consumers. 2. The case suggests a consumer response segmentation approach. This approach believes that the reason why a consumer would buy the product needs to be unearthed and assessed. Such a responses are beneficial from all aspects (Solomon 2017). Hersheys has given efforts to understand why the young generation group would like the new product and prefer it over other products of different companies. This is a practical approach that would bring amendments in the marketing strategy as per the needs of the consumers. The other segmentation approach that can be considered is the consumer characteristic approach. This would be effective in highlighting the psychographic, demographic and geographic features of the potential consumers. Understanding these differences would highlight the differences in preferences for chocolates on the basis of regional differences. This would aid in a divided marketing plan if needed. Social class of the consumers would direct the pricing strategy for the product so as to meet the target sales figure (Armstrong 2014). 3. SWOT analysis of Hersheys- Strengths: Hersheys initiated the chocolate manufacturing renaissance It is one of the largets nd oldest chocolate manufacturer of North America The company has strong brand awareness and name The products of the company are diversified and there are a large number of variants in the candy and gum business A strong social image has been created through the orphan children school build by the company The company has focus on a number of industry segment so that it is easier to spread o n large market areas The company has a strong way of communicating with the consumers whereby the consumers can get additional information about the company. This makes a significant difference for the company The amusement park adds to the credibility of the brand Innovative technologies are being used by the company The supply chain management of the company is robust Weaknesses: The company has more long-term debt Advertisement expenses have increased Increased geographic coverage has led to lesser authority and dilution Intense competition implies limitation on market chare growth Opportunities: Consumers have changing tastes and want richer products. Dark chocolates are served for health benefits Efficient improvements can be done for distribution purpose A strong customer loyalty base is an advantage Hersheys has many different market areas due to increasing global trade Threats: Some primary competitors are Cadbury, Mars and Nestle There is a decrease in demand due to increasing diabetes Government support is lacking Steady increase in price of sugar and milk Steady increase of employees minimum wage (Kizil et al. 2013) Hershey needs to improve on the marketing startegies to reach out to the target market and expand its ustomer base. Attention of the consumers can be drawn by utilising innovative technologies for creating diverse design of chocolocates. This strategy may prove to be costly but public image would increase considerably. Hersheoy needs to have the focus on global market and move beyond the limited presence in limited areas of the globe. Marketing of the new flavoured chocolates in the supermarkets would having growing appreciation. The company would be provided with opportunities to work in collaboration with other food industries (Tanner and Mary 2011). 4. PEST analysis of Hersheys- Political- At present, there is no certain regulation related to price control. Moreover, there is no support received by the cocoa production from the government. Since the prices of chocolate are rising, it can be expected that there would soon be price control imposed on raw materials of chocolate. Cocoa production would also gain the price support from the government. Economical- The nest sales of the company has been found to be increasing in the last few years. The 5-year compound growth rate is 6.1% on average. In addition, a rising demand has been noticed for dark chocolate, that needs more amount of cocoa for production, due to benefits of health issues. This would potentially drive up the cocoa prices as a result of the deficit. Socio-cultural- People have higher preferences for chocolates during the festive periods, especially Christmas. The demand for chocolates is likely to be more in these time of the year in countries of North America. Regarding the demand of chocolate, a rise in the grindings is expected in North America. Technology- Lower prices of sugar, apprehensive knowledge resources drives manufacturers of Canada to manufacture in the United States. This provides the local chocolate retailers with a high chance to import their chocolates in place of purchasing the ones sold locally. Though this brings benefits for the chocolate manufacturers with less cost of input, the sugar producers of America face difficulties when the price falls to a very low level (Kotler and Armstrong 2013). 5. Two direct competitors of Hersheys are Nestle and Mars. Two indirect competitors of Hersheys are The American Pop Corn Company and Fortune Cookies. It is likely that the response of the competitors to such marketing strategy wouldcreate a ripple in the marketing domain. The first step that the competitors would take would be to understand the strenghts and weaknesses of Hersheys so that based on these findings the competitors may bring suitable changes in their marketing plan as well. The main focus of the competitor comoanies would then be drawn towards the customers in order to give a tough competition. For them this can prove to be a decisive benefit. Assessing what Hersheys is offering would be ther competitors prime aim. Some aspects that they may focus on are social marketing strategies, pricing strategies and target customers. Whether the prices are lower, wether the products are of high quality, whether the customer services are higher and whether marketing needs are more eng aging, are some of the pitoval concerns for the competitors that they would address. They would attempt to bring impreovements in their marketing strategies through these methods (Barrett and Weinstein 2015). 6. The specific target market for this product would be the young generation consumers. This would encompass individuals of age between 13-25. This group of customers would bring the maximum profit for the company. Product- The product of Hersheys can be improved through some effective strategies. The first would be to cater the consumers with dark chocolate that have a low content of calories. This would possibly change the perception of chocolate being an unhealthy food. The second strategy would be to add flavonoid substances in the products since such flavonoids help in protecting the cardio-vascular system in consumers immediately after consumption. Pricing- It would be highly beneficial to dip down the prices of the product and set it at a range that can be afforded by target consumers. Since the target consumers of the product are youngsters, it is likely that they would not be able to spend much on buying the product. Setting the price at a reasonable level would ensure maximum sale and popularity. The pricing power needs to be developed with special attention to prices set by new entrants in the market. Competitive pricing would be the underpinning strategy for the product. Promotional- Promotion is a key aspect of marketing and greatly influences the sales figure. It is, therefore, to be done smartly. The product needs to be marketed with the help of TVCs as well as print advertisements, specially magazine. The company also needs to plan for accomplishing promotional programs with the help of event sponsorship. Social media is a good option for reaching out to the younger generation, and therefore social media platforms like Facebook and Youtube can be used for online promotion. This would ensure that communication with the target customers is established. Commercialisation of holidays could possibly increase the popularity of the product. The product can be sold at discounted prices during holidays for gaining more profits. Place- The product needs to be available in mall supermarkets, groceries, stores, movie houses, coffee shops, connivance stores and at times at discount stores. The product is to be found in the candy aisles and cash register. The stores are to offer good customer services. Using trade discounts would be beneficial for the product (Hollensen 2015). References Armstrong, Gary, et al.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia, 2014. Barrett, Hilton, and Art Weinstein. "Corporate entrepreneurship, the marketing mix, and business performance."Proceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Springer International Publishing, 2015. Hollensen, Svend.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education, 2015. Kizil, Cevdet, et al. "Hershey's Entry to the Australian Market with a New Brand: An Accounting and Marketing Perspective."Emerging Markets Journal3.2 (2013): 97. Solomon, Michael.Marketing. 1st ed., Pearson, 2017. Tanner, John F., and Mary Anne Raymond.Principles of marketing. Irvington, NY: Flat World Knowledge, 2011.

The Crucible John Proctor Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible: John Proctor In the book The Crucible there is a struggle within to have one have a sense of belonging to society. They want to be loved by that society no matter how much they may seem that they don't belong. But they do want to show that to everyone, everyone that may not think that. John Proctor is a good example of a struggle to find a place in society. He's the type of person that wants to plow his fields on the good days even if the good day is only on Sunday of that week. His struggle to make a living with his crops gets him into trouble with the very religious Puritan community of Salem Massachusetts. If John Proctor has a fault its that he's to honest when he thinks your wrong about something he will make you know about it. John Proctor only got involved with this whole witch trial because of a girl by the name of Abigail Williams. If it wasn't for her falling in love with John then he wouldn't be put on trial for anything. Abigail got him involved with the witch trials because John wanted to go back to his wife and he didn't want Abigail in his life at all. After Abigail came into his life he started not believing in himself. He was struggling in life and with this family life. He tries to ignore the events in Salem but when Mary Warren announces that she is an official of the court and that Elizabeth Proctor has been mentioned. Proctor still wants to dismiss the hearings but his wife uses his guilt about adultery to extract a promise that he will expose Abigail as a fraud. As a result of being involved with the witch trials he finds himself accused of being a witch. After being tried and condemned to death, John refuses to confess. But he doesn't want to die because of some witches that are just making lies. So he signs the paper that is going to be nailed to the church door saying he has committed sins. He asks himself ?God in heaven, what is John Proctor, what is John Proctor.? He is asking if John Proctor is considered honest or a liar. Because he knows he did nothing wrong in his life but he is accused and no one wants to believe him. But he shortly takes back his claim and refuses to sign it because he doesn't want his friends being condemned for his actions, ?I speak my own sins, I cannot judge another. I have no tongue for it.? So by doing so he answers part of the question ?What is John Proctor? by coming forth on his own view of himself. John Proctor cannot live with the lie if he had signed that confession, so he will die by his own honesty. With a man just trying to make a living with his life, he finds himself involved with something he didn't want to get involved with at all. He was struggling not to get involved with the trials and yet he still wanted to live his own life not being told what to do by other people while still being like by other people in the community. He didn't want his name to be ruined by signing that confession. If he did his life would be ruined people would think of him as being evil when his name would be mentioned. He didn't want his sons to have them see there father being shunned by the community. All this man wanted to do was to be loved and respected by others. Creative Writing

Analytical report on the sustainability of the London 2012 Olympic games The WritePass Journal

Analytical report on the sustainability of the London 2012 Olympic games Executive summary Analytical report on the sustainability of the London 2012 Olympic games Olympics Detailed review of ‘active travel’ A short opinion survey of ‘active travel’ Conclusion ReferencesRelated Executive summary This report presents a discussion of the sustainability plan developed for, and implemented during, the 2012 Olympic Games held in London. The sustainability plan was governed by five main themes: climate change; waste; biodiversity; inclusion; and healthy living (London 2012, 2012). The aim with regards to climate change was to deliver a low carbon Games in order to be able to showcase the ability of London 2012 to respond to the need to minimise our impact on the environment. The aim with regards to waste was to deliver a zero-waste Games. The aim for biodiversity was to conserve biodiversity and to create new green spaces across London, which would enable people to be brought closer together through both sport and Nature. With regards to inclusion, the aim of London 2012 was to be the most inclusive Olympic Games to date, with the Games being used as an opportunity to develop the region of London in which the Games was held. With regards to healthy living, the aim of the Games was to inspire people in the UK to become more motivated to exercise and to take up sport, through this developing more active and healthy lifestyles (Girginov and Hills, 2008). In order to provide a framework for the achievement of these five themes, the sustainability plan was divided in to five main aspects, each of which will be discussed in detail in the next section of the report: Local community work; Our responsibility; Food vision; Active travel; and Recycling. Overview of the sustainability plan put forward by the organisers of the London 2012 Olympics As London 2012 (London 2012, 2012) state, â€Å"When we bid to host the 2012 Games, we made a radical proposal to the International Organising Committee†¦we were going to hold the world’s first truly sustainable Olympic and Paralympic Games†. The Olympic 2012 organising committee sat down with BioRegional and the WWF to develop a plan called Towards a One Planet 2012 which outlined how the Olympic Games 2012 could be made as sustainable as possible, guided by the idea that the â€Å"†¦world should live within it’s means† (London 2012, 2012). The sustainability plan that was developed has five main areas of consideration entitled climate change; waste; biodiversity; inclusion; and healthy living. These were implemented via five main approaches: local community work (inclusion and biodiversity); our responsibility (inclusion); food vision (climate change and waste); active travel (healthy living); and recycling (waste). These five areas were develo ped through consultation across four main areas, all of which related directly to those attending the Games or watching the Games on the television, namely the venues, travel, food and waste (London 2012, 2012). As London 2012 (2012) state, â€Å"All our venues were designed to ensure that all the athletes perform to the best of their ability whilst pushing the boundaries of sustainability knowledge and design†, with all the venues being designed – or remodelled – on the basis of the venues leaving a sustainable legacy for future generations. With regards to travel, London 2012 (2012) note that the most important consideration was to enable the millions of spectators – and the thousands of participants – to be able to reach the venues on time and for the Games to be used as an opportunity to educate the population about sustainable travel, including the benefits of using public transport, walking and cycling. With regards to food, the organisers of the Games worked very closely with the food industry in order to be able to bring ethical and sustainable food to the Games. Waste was another major consideration of the organising committee, with the organising committee aiming to send none of the extra waste generated during the Games to landfill (London 2012, 2012). The five areas will now be discussed in detail. ‘Local community work’, as London 2012 (2012) detail, was based around a specially created outreach program called Changing Places, with the specific aims of encouraging inclusion and preserving and increasing biodiversity (London 2012, 2007). This program aimed to encourage people to get out in to their local community to effect positive changes in their community, changes that would make the communities more attractive to residents and to visitors. The main aims of the ‘Local community work’ area of the London 2012 sustainability plan were to inspire communities to improve their public spaces; to enable people from communities to become more united and to develop new skills and interests; and to improve the quality of the neighbourhoods around London 2012 venues, with a view to not only improving the visitor experience but providing an opportunity for long-term positive changes in the aesthetics of these comm unities. The program was begun in 2009 and, since that date, as London 2012 (2012) note, there have been more than 6000 volunteers who have signed up to help, with over 15,000 hours of volunteer time having been given to the program. More than 15 tonnes of waste have been removed from communities near the Olympic venues and over 7000m of community gardens have been created across 250 sites, with 2000 square metres of graffiti having been removed from walls in these communities. As London 2012 (2012) discuss, this represents a massive commitment from local communities who have felt the impact on the environment of their local communities, making these local communities more attractive and increasing the sense of pride that local residents take in their communities. With regards to the ‘Our responsibility’ area of the sustainability plan, London 2012 (2012) notes that â€Å"Sustainability has been a part of every bold and challenging decision we have made in the development of the Olympic Park and the staging of the Games†. This area fits within the main ‘Inclusion’ theme of the London 2012 sustainability plan. The Games were not only a success but the preparation for the Games has meant that London has, â€Å"†¦changed†, with the sustainability plan, â€Å"†¦.changing the way we impact people, industry and the planet† (London 2012, 2012). As London 2012 (2012) note, within the framework of ‘Our responsibility’, there are six main achievements that have arisen from the Games: The Olympic Park; Carbon management; Sustainable transport; Food vision; Waste; and Standards. The Olympic Park features the most sustainable sports venue ever built, with 60% of construction materials for the Park having been brought to the site by rail or river, thus minimising the pollution that the transport of these materials caused. As Collins et al. (2009) note, however, it can be difficult to accurately measure the impact of mega sporting events on the local area, both in the short- and long-term. It is difficult, therefore, to know how London 2012 managed to assess, in quantitative terms, the reduction in pollution generated as a result of moving materials in this way and whether this reduction was maintained during the actual hosting of the Games. In terms of carbon management, London 2012 was the first Olympic Games to measure it’s carbon footprint across the whole Games, with the analysis of this footprint enabling decisions to be made about how to avoid, reduce and substitute carbon emissions in London in future (London 2012, 2012). Sustainable transport wa s a major concern of the organising committee, with the committee committing to achieving 100% sustainable transport across the duration of the Games. This was achieved through the ‘Supporting Active Travel’ plan, which will be discussed later in the report. Regarding ‘Food vision’, which fits within the ‘Healthy living’, ‘Waste’ and ‘Biodiversity’ themes of the sustainability plan, London 2012 represented the â€Å"†¦largest peacetime catering operation in the world† with the delivery of food using ethical and sustainable principles meaning that the Games delivered 14 million sustainably sourced meals to visitors and participants. ‘Waste’ was treated as a fundamental issue that needed to be tackled if the Games were to be delivered sustainably, with the overall aim of London 2012 to achieve ‘zero-waste-to-landfill’ and the Games actually achieving an overall 98.5% reuse and 99% recycling of all materials from the Games (London 2012, 2012). In terms of ‘Standards’, London 2012 were the first Olympic organising committee to be certified to the British Standard 8901: Specification for a Sustainability Management Systems for Events (London 2012, 2012). Under the area of ‘Food vision’, the London 2012 organising committee made certain commitments, including a commitment to deliver choice, diversity and affordable prices to visitors in terms of the food that would be available for them to buy at the Games (London 2012, 2012). It was also noted that the food that was sold was healthy, this being a key consideration of the organising committee in view of their commitment to the Games being used as a showcase to encourage people in the UK to become more active and, through this, healthier. To achieve these broad aims, five aspects of food vision were considered: food safety and hygiene; choice and balance; food sourcing and supply chains (with local food being given precedence); environmental management, resource efficiency and waste (with food providers being encouraged to use recyclable packaging); and skills and education (London 2012, 2012). One major aspect of the food vision was the decision to use only fish caught or farmed sustainably, this inspiring the naming of London as the Sustainable Fish City in 2011 (London 2012, 2012). With regards to active travel area of the sustainability plan, which fits in the ‘Healthy living’ theme of the sustainability plan (London 2012, 2007), this will be discussed in more detail in the next section of the report. The ‘recycling’ area of the sustainability plan was an important aspect of the plan, constituting the main concern of the ‘Waste’ theme of the plan (London 2012, 2007), the organising committee encouraging the food providers at the Games to use compostable packaging and for all visitors to recycle wherever possible. In terms of the non-recyclable rubbish generated during the Games, the organising committee placed designated black bins around the venues, the material going in to these bins was then used to produce electricity, which was then pumped back in to the Games. Overall, then, the five areas of the sustainability plan were well thought out and delineated in such a way that each area supported each other area, providin g an overall plan for sustainability that was not only comprehensive but also, and importantly, highly practical (Girginov et al., 2009; Davies, 2012). It can be argued that it was the practical nature of the sustainability plan that led to its aims being achieved across all five areas of the plan (Nichols, 2012; Horne, 2012). Detailed review of ‘active travel’   As London 2012 (2012) discusses, one of the main aims of the sustainability plan was to encourage UK society, in general, to become more active, to undertake more exercise and, through this, to become healthier as a whole. As Devine (2012) discusses, the Government, as part of the planning for the Olympic Games, organised this aim in to four areas of focus, aiming, through this, to, â€Å"†¦harness the UK’s passion for sport to increase grass-roots participation, particularly by young people and encourage the whole population to be more physically active†. With this in mind, the sustainability plan included, as one of the five main areas, the idea of ‘Active travel’, which aimed to encourage visitors to the Games to walk and cycle more often and, as a result of this, and education surrounding this idea, to encourage people in the UK to walk and cycle more often. The Active travel program was developed to encourage people to adopt healthier lifestyl es, with this not only offering a way to improve the overall health of the population – and therefore having a public health perspective – but also easing the burden on public transport and on the road network during the London 2012 event (London 2012, 2012). As part of this framework, the London 2012 Inspire Programme was set up which aimed to encourage more walking and cycling. In the run up to the Games, 60 Inspire programmes were set up, with the lessons learned from these pilot projects being consolidated and turned in to plans to effect real changes in the choice of transportation across the UK as a whole (Horne, 2012). As London 2012 (2012) noted, â€Å"By creating a positive experience for people walking and cycling to the Games, London 2012 and Transport for London hope people will continue to choose to walk and cycle in the future, both for every day trips and to future sporting and cultural events†. It is clear, then, that the London 2012 organising committee has a serious commitment to using the lessons learned during London 2012 to improve the health of the general populace beyond the 2012 Games. As London 2012 (2007; 47) states, â€Å"Living healthy lifestyles within the resources of the planet, is an essential element of working towards a one planet 2012†, with healthy living being tightly linked to other aspects of the sustainability plan, including access to green spaces, healthy food and active travel. If more green spaces are available, for example, as a result of the quest for community involvement and the commitment to restore and create more biodiversity spots across London, then people will be more inclined to get outside and be healthy. Once people start to feel healthier, their bodies ask for healthier food. As Shipway (2007) notes, it can be difficult, however, to determine what the sustainable legacies of an event such as London 2012 might be, in terms of health. Whilst the Games had a unique opportunity to deliver sustainable sporting and health legacies, there are many key challenges that need to be overcome before these legacies can have any short- or long-term impacts. What is needed, argues Shipway (2007), is a â€Å"†¦positive step change in the attitudes towards sport and physical activity in British society†. Until this is achieved, it is difficult to see how the ‘active travel’ legacy of the London 2012 sustainability plan can be achieved. As Dickson and Benson (2011) note, what is needed, in reality, is some form of metric that could enable the measurement of the degree of implementation of these desired legacies and the impact of the desired legacies on the local area and beyond. Without this, as Dickson and Benson (2011) note, the sustainability pla n put forwards by London 2012 is simply talk with no substance (Leopky and Parent, 2012). Closer links to local and regional planning activities could, for example, have ensured a greater likelihood of achieving, and sustaining, the aims of ‘active travel’ (Gratton and Preuss, 2008). A short opinion survey of ‘active travel’   A short survey was undertaken of GSM London students, in order to find out their opinions on the active travel ideas in the London 2012 sustainability plan. As shown in Table 1, of the twenty students interviewed, none of them had realised that the London 2012 Games had been accompanied by a sustainability plan. Number of students who knew the London 2012 Olympics had a sustainability plan Number of students who did not know that the London 2012 Olympics had a sustainability plan 0 20 Table 1: Showing the number of students who were aware of the London 2012 sustainability plan When the respondents were asked if they could imagine what this plan might have included, eighteen of the students said they were not sure, with one mentioning that they thought the plan might include ‘minimising impacts on climate change’ and another mentioning ‘encouraging less waste’. Of the twenty students that were interviewed, all twenty of them had been in London at the time of the Games but only three of them had visited an event during the London 2012 Games. Asked for their opinion of the London 2012 Games, twelve of them responded that tickets for the events were too expensive and that the transport had been ‘a nightmare’ around the time of the Games, with the seven students who travel by public transport saying that they had become tired, during the Games, of having to help tourists find their routes and of having to stand because the bus/Tube they usually used was very full during the duration of the Games. Two of the students interviewed said that they had taken to using a bike, during the Games, because of the crowding on public transport, and that, as they had enjoyed the experience so much, and felt so much healthier when they used their bike to get to their place of study, they had continued to use their bike since the Games. When asked if they would recommend using a bike to their peers, both of these students stated that, yes, they had recommended using a bike to friends and that, between them, six other students had now started cycling to their place of study, rather than using public transport. When asked whether they felt the London 2012 planning committee had been successful in their mission to encourage the use of active transport to move around the Games, the twenty students replied that they had not realised this was an aspect of the sustainability plan of the London 2012 Games. When told that it was, and that the main aim of this was to encourage people in the UK, in general, to be healthier, the twenty students seemed perplexed by this idea, stating that they were unsure if this would work, as they had not even heard of the sustainability plan and certainly had not seen any adverts encouraging people to use active transport during the Games. It was clear from the short opinion survey undertaken that the twenty students interviewed were not very well informed of the sustainability plan of London 2012 nor of the specific parts of this plan, nor of the fact that Londoners, and people in the UK in general, were being asked to use active transport, following the model of this piloted during the London 2012 Games. It seems, therefore, that from this small sample of people, the London 2012 organising committee were not very successful in transmitting their grand ideas to the general populace. Conclusion   This report has provided an analysis of the sustainability plan of the London 2012 Games, looking at the main themes in the plan and how these themes were implemented. The results of a short survey were presented which suggest that, despite the fact that London 2012 were very successful in implementing some of their plans (such as those covering waste and food), they were not so successful in educating the public about the benefits of engaging in active transport. References Collins, A., Jones, C., and Munday, M. (2009). Assessing the environmental impacts of mega sporting events: two options? Tourism Management 30(6), 828-837. Davies, L.E. (2012). Beyond the Games: regeneration legacies and London 2012. Leisure Studies 31(3), 309-337. Devine, C. (2012). London 2012 Olympic legacy: a big sporting society? International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2012.656674. Dickson, T.J. and Benson, A. (2011). Developing a framework for evaluating Olymic and Paralympic legacies. Journal of Sport and Tourism 4, 285-302. Girginov, V. and Hills, L. (2008). A sustainable sports legacy: creating a link between the London Olympics and sports participation. International Journal of the History of Sports 25(14), 2091-2116. Girginov, V. et al. (2009). The political process of constructing a sustainable London Olympics sports development legacy. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 1(2), 161-181. Girginov, V. (2012). Governance of the London 2012 Olympic Games legacy. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47, 543-558. Gratton, C. and Pruess, H. (2008). Maximising Olympic impacts by building up legacies. The International Journal of the History of Sport 25(14), 1922-1938. Horne, J. (2012). Leisure, culture and the Olympic Games. Leisure Studies 31(3), 261-263. Leopky, B. and Parent, M.M. (2012). Olympic Games legacy: from general benefits to long-term legacy. The International Journal of the History of Sport 29(6), 924-943. Leopky, B. (2013). The Governance of Olympic Games legacy. PhD thesis, Universite de Ottowa. Available from https://ruor.uottawa.ca/fr/handle/10393/23640 [Accessed 21st March 2013]. London 2012 (2007). Towards a one planet 2012. Available from sel.org.uk/uploads/London-2012-Sustainability-Plan.pdf [Accessed 22nd March 2013]. London 2012 (2012). Sustainability. Available from london2012.com/about-us/sustainability/ [Accessed 22nd March 2013]. Nichols, G. (2012). Olympic cities: 2012 and the remaking of London. Leisure Studies 31(3), 378-380. Shipway, R. (2007). Sustainable legacies for the 2012 Olympic Games. Perspectives in Public Health 127, 119-124.

Tips For Writing An A+ Worthy Essay

Tips For Writing An A+ Worthy Essay Tips For Writing An A+ Worthy Essay If you are a student, you know it can be difficult to write a powerful essay. It can also be daunting if you don’t comprehend the content of the research you read. Here are some tips for writing an A+ worthy essay: Topic is Key Having a firm understanding of your topic is important in order to convince the reader. To get an A+, though, the essay needs to stand out from the crowd. If you can add some originality to how you address the topic, this can improve the final grade. Creating the Thesis First, concentrate on the thesis, as it’s through line of thought that holds your essay. Brainstorm ideas that will become your arguments. Dont buy into the myth that having three arguments is necessary. Having one strong argument can be enough to convince your reader. But if you have developed several good, convincing arguments, by all means, use them. The Hook The hook (also known as the attention grabber) is included in the introduction and is used to spark a readers interest. Your hook is also used in the conclusion. The attention grabber can be in the form of a question regarding the topic, but should cover a broader thought which then leads into the thesis. By adding the hook to the conclusion, you provide an answer to the initial question that got your readers attention. Giving a thorough answer will allow your reader to fully understand the writer’s point of view. Research, Research, Research Research plays a crucial role in an essay, so make sure you have all of the facts to help explain your arguments. The library or internet are great places to begin seeking information to back up your thesis. While researching and using the information, create a bibliography to recognize the resources you used. Transition Statements Connect each section of your essay with a transition statement. These allow your essay to read smoothly from beginning to end. Do you have an essay that you are having difficulty putting together? Are you confused about a particular section of your essay? Contact today toll-free at 1-800-573-0840.

Chemistry assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Chemistry assignment - Essay Example Thus we must multiply 3 to get the integers 3 and 4, for Fe and O subscripts respectively. This is the simplest, or empirical, formula because the subscripts are the smallest integers that express ratios of atoms present in the compound. Certain elements appear to violate the rules in electron configuration. The electron configuration of chromium is rather than , as one might have expected. Similarly, the configuration of copper is instead of . This anomalous behavior is largely a consequence of the closeness of the 3d and 4s orbital energies. It frequently occurs when there are enough electrons to lead to precisely half-filled sets of degenerate orbitals (as in chromium) or to completely filled d subshell (as in copper). Increasing the distance from the nucleus decreases the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. As this attraction decreases, it becomes easier to remove the electron and, thus, lower ionization energy. Element A has the largest atomic number (greatest distance between outer electron and nucleus) because it has the least ionization energy. The ionization energies for an element increase in magnitude as successive electrons are removed. But when the next electron removed is an inner-shell electron, there is a sharp increase in ionization energy. The figure shown below tells us which group elements A-E should be placed. 19. 27.823g of Na2CO3.xH2O crystals were dissolved in water and made up to 1000 cm3 of solution. 25 cm3 of this solution required 48.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 HCI for complete neutralisation. Find the value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O using the following steps: 20. 4.00g of lawn sand (a mixture of sand and ammonium sulphate) was weighed into a conical flask, and 25 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution was pipetted into the same flask. The conical flask was boiled for 20 minutes, after which time all the ammonia had been driven off,